Topical and intralesional chemotherapies are used in dermatology for the treatment of various skin conditions, including skin cancers such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. These treatments involve the application of chemotherapy agents directly to the skin, either in the form of a cream or ointment, or through injection into the lesion.

Common chemotherapy agents used in dermatology include 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), imiquimod, and methotrexate. 5-FU is a topical chemotherapy agent that works by interfering with the synthesis of DNA in rapidly dividing cells, such as cancer cells. Imiquimod is a topical immune response modifier that stimulates the immune system to attack cancer cells. Methotrexate can be used topically or intralesionally and works by inhibiting the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins in cancer cells.

These treatments may cause side effects, including skin irritation, redness, and itching at the site of application or injection. Systemic absorption of the chemotherapy agents may also occur, leading to more serious side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and fatigue.

In this module, you will learn about the different types of topical and intralesional chemotherapies used in dermatology, their mechanisms of action, indications, contraindications, adverse effects, and drug interactions.

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1. Bolognia, J., Cerroni, L., & Schaffer, J. V. (2018). Dermatology. Philadelphia: Elsevier.

2. Wolverton, S. E. (2021). Comprehensive dermatologic drug therapy. Edinburgh: Saunders.