Associations
- Strongest genetic risk factor for AD & ichthyosis vulgaris
- Associated with early-onset AD, ↑ severity, continuation to adulthood, ↑ epicutaneous sensitization, ↑ risk of irritant CD, hand eczema, herpes simplex virus, asthma & food allergy
1) Atopic dermatitis:
- peak at 2 years of age
2) Asthma:
- 5-10 years of age
3) Allergic rhinitis:
- adolescence
And other atopic comorbidities:
- Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis
- Asthma
- Food allergies
- Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
- HyperIgE syndromes
- IPEX syndrome (immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked)
- Omenn syndrome
- DiGeorge syndrome
- Ataxia telangiectasia
- Immunoglobulin deficiencies (X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia, IgA deficiency, common variable immunodeficiency)
- Netherton syndrome
- Ectodermal dysplasias
- Keratosis pilaris
- Hartnup disease
- Phenylketonuria
- Erythroderma (most severe complication)
- Ocular symptoms (allergic conjunctivitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis, keratoconus, subcapsular cataracts (mainly anterior), rarely retinal detachment)
- Impetiginization (S.aureus or Strep pyogenes)
- Eczema herpeticum (vesicles, punched-out erosions with hemorrhagic crust)
- Widespread molluscum contagium